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This chapter is built on the results of research undertaken since 2004 at the University of Quebec at Montreal (Hobbs and Aubry, 2010; Aubry et al, 2011). The results are presented in a practical format so they can be useful in answering various questions on PMOs, more specifically in the context of implementing a PMO or reviewing its mandate. We have adopted a very generic approach to PMOs where they could be dedicated to multiple independent projects, programs or portfolios. PMOs dealing with a single project were excluded from our research. The first part of our research on PMOs involved a survey for which we received more than 500 responses (Hobbs and Aubry, 2010). This provided evidence-based results on the diversity of PMOs and the difficulty in finding a typology to classify them. Given the wide variety of PMOs found in reality, we adopted the generic definition from the Project Management …